Barbarians-The Mongols

Extra Credit

Mongols are Central and Northern Asian (Inner Asia) ethno-linguistic group. Although the largest Mongolic group are those of Mongolia, they also live as minorities across Northern Asia, including Russia, China, and many of the former Soviet Union states. Mongolic peoples belonging to the Buryat ethnic group live predominantly in what is now the autonomous Republic of Buryatia, Russia. In China, they live mainly either in Inner Mongolia or, less commonly, in Xinjiang. Mongolic peoples are bound together by a common culture and language, a group of related tongues known as Mongolic languages.

The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of Mongol and Turkic tribes of historical Mongolia under the leadership of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under the rule of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction. The area around Mongolia, Manchuria, and parts of North China had been controlled by the Liao Dynasty since the 10th century.

The empire began to split as a result of wars over succession, as the grandchildren of Genghis Khan disputed whether the royal line should follow from Genghis's son and initial heir Ögedei, or one of his other sons such as Tolui, Chagatai, or Jochi.

The Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260 marked the high-water point of Mongol conquests, and was the first time a Mongol advance had ever been beaten back in direct combat on the battlefield. Though the Mongols launched many more invasions into Levant, briefly occupying it and raiding as far as Gaza after a decisive victory at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in 1299, they withdrew due to various geopolitical factors.

By the time of Kublai's death in 1294, the Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires, each pursuing its own separate interests and objectives: the Golden Horde khanate in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in the west, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, and the Yuan Dynastybased in modern-day Beijing.

King Arthur

Extra credit

King Arthur, is a legendary British leader of the 6th centuries  according to medieval histories and romances, he led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. His historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.

The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae.

Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld.

Although the themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version, Geoffrey's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories. Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established an empire over Britain, Ireland, Iceland,Norway and Gaul.

IVAN THE TERRIBLE

EXTRA CREDIT
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, known in english as Ivan the terrible. When he was just a kid his father died and 3 years later her mom died too, he had a terrible childhood. Ivan was crowned with Monomakh's Cap at the Cathedral of the Dormition at age 16. He was the first person to be crowned as "Tsar of All the Russias". By being crowned Tsar, Ivan was sending a message to the world and to Russia: he was now the one and only supreme ruler of the country, and his will was not to be questioned.  

The young ruler started out as a reformer, modernising and centralising the country. He revised the law code, created an elite standing army and introduced local self-management in rural regions.

In 1553 he suffered a near-fatal illness and several years later his beloved wife Anastasia died.  Suddenly, in the winter of 1564 Ivan secretly left Moscow declaring that he wanted to abdicate. The panicked population called for his return. After lengthy talks, Ivan agreed to come back but on his own terms, demanding absolute power to punish anyone he believed was disloyal. The next year, an instrument of his new rule was set up: a system called Oprichnina or “separate estate”. One of the most terrifying campaigns by the oprichniki was the 1570 massacre of the wealthy city of Novgorod. Suspecting its people of treason, Ivan personally led the troops. The city was ravaged and thousands murdered.

In 1581, during a violent dispute Ivan killed his eldest son, the groomed and chosen heir,  Ivan Ivanovich, hitting him with his pointed staff. 

He was a ruthless monarch and skilled manipulator, he was also a prominent theologian, an accomplished public speaker and one of the most well-educated people of his time.

Michelangelo

My name is Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, i was born in March 6 1475, in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany. My father was Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, and my mother,  Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. When i was young, my father send me to Florence to study grammar under the Humanist Francesco da Urbino, but i showed no interest in my schooling, i preffered to copy paintings from churches and seek the company of painters. From 1490 to 1492, I attended the Humanist academy which the Medici had founded along Neo Platonic lines. 

After that, i follow my dreams, then i was considered the greatest living artist in my lifetime, and ever since then I had been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. My output in every field during my long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, i'm the best-documented artist of the 16th century.

Two of my best known works, are the Pietà and David, I sculpted this before I turned thirty. I also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. When i was 74 years old, I succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. I transformed the plan, the western end being finished to my design, the dome being completed after my death with some modification.


In my lifetime I was also often called  "the divine one". One of the qualities most admired by my contemporaries was my terribilità, a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur, and it was the attempts of subsequent artists to imitate. My impassioned and highly personal style that resulted in Mannerism, the next major movement in Western art after the High Renaissance. 

History Readings

There's constantly being made new discoveries in history, thanks to the archaelogists, like the dramatic 1600-square-foot Roman mosaic discovered last year, archaelogists excavate the part of the mosaic and they founs a life size marble head of Aphrodite face down in the soil. They also found a second mosaic, they found a square mosaic floor of geometric designs, fruits and flowers it was a temple mosaic.

Both mosaics will eventually be conserved and protected so visitors can enjoy their beauty.

Archaelogists believe that examinig declassified photograph that are taken during covert surveillance may herald a new era of discovery and that can help to identify a lot of new archaelogical heritage.
They said that they have enough evidence to demostrate the existence of a chronologically complex Roman frontier system.

Not everyone was involved in these findings, just professionals, like the archaelogists, because they were the ones that make this fingdings.

Archaelogists found another Pompeii, a fascinating slice of life and violent death in the Scandinavian Migration Period. During this period Scandinavians cremated their dead so few hole bodies have been found at all.

When the first round of excavation began to ward off looters who have been spotted, archaelogists found six beautiful gilged silver and bronze buckles.

In this article i learn more about the historical things that have been founded in the last years, it's awesome the things that the archaelogists have found, thanks to them we can have prooves of historical facts.

The dangers that these findings in the historic sites are exposed to are changes in the climate, overpopulation, overconsumption, or notequitables distribution of sources may lead to a general crisis.

The Black death(Extra credit video)

The black death or the black plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, killing an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1348–50. The Black Death is thought to have originated in the plains of central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road.
 The plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350–375 million in the 14th century. No medical knowledge existed in medieval England to cope with the disease.

The Black Death had a huge impact on society. Fields went unploughed as the men who usually did this were victims of the disease. Harvests would not have been brought in as the manpower did not exist. Animals would have been lost as the people in a village would not have been around to tend them.

Those who survived the Black Death believed that there was something special about them, the believed that a God had protected them.

Saint Joan of Arc.(extra credit)

"St. Joan of arc is the patroness of soldiers and of france"

When she was young, she heard voices of St.Michael, St.Catherine and St.Margaret. They said "Told joan to go the king of France and help him reconquer his kingdom."

After overcoming opposition from churchmen and courters, the uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and caused the lifting of the siege in only nine days, she enjoyed a series of military successes, during wich the king was able to enter rheims and be crowned with her at his side.

In May 1438 as she was attempting to relieve compiegne, she was captured by the burgundians and sold to the English. She refused to retract the assertion that it was the saints of god who had commanded her to do what she had done, she was condemned to death, and burned at the stake on May 30, 1431(19 years old).

Years later, she was exonerate of all guilt and she was canonized in 1920 making official what the people had known for centuries. She was canonized in 1920 by pope Benedict xv.

Ancient Music (extra credit)

Mesomedes of crete was a roman-era greek lyric poet and composer; Mesomedes wrote a panedyric called cotharoedic hyms.

The hymn to the sun is one of the four which preserve the ancient musical notation written over the text. A total of 15 poems by Mesomedes are known.

The hyms of Mesomedes were the only surviving written music from the ancient world.

I already listen the hymn to the sun of Mesomedes, and i think that it looks like opera or something like that, the music of the ancient world is very different than the music of today, but i think it is beautiful music.

Clash of the Titans (2010)

The differences between the movie and the myth are so many that I can not remember all but I will point out the faults that I think are the most notorious. First I must emphasize that the film does not reach a good understanding of the whole by Perseus makes the journey to the underworld to kill Medusa, revenge seems to be in the film but never touched again the death of adoptive parents Perseus miss making a very important point in every movie in this genre to be the meaning and coherence, another very important point is that at no time was a poor fisherman Perseus, opposite to what is shown in film, Perseus myth is adopted by a king ... the king Polidectes. In the myth Perseus embarks on the journey with the motive of getting Polidectes did not force her mom to marry and offers instead the head of Medusa.

In clash of the titans, the ultimate struggle for power, faces men against kings and kings against the men.

But the war between the gods could destroy the world. Perseus, born as a god but raised as a man, he can do nothing to save his family from Hades the vengeful god of the underworld. 
With nothing left to lose, Perseus volunteers to lead a dangerous mission to defeat Hades before he can seize power from Zeus and make the earth a hell. Perseus begins a dangerous journey deep into forbidden worlds, leading a group of warriors among those found Draco, an experienced soldier who encourages the rebel Perseus to use their divine powers.

 Battling unholy demons and fearsome beasts, they will only survive if Perseus accepts his power as a god and challenge his destiny and create his own destiny.

Roman Empire

The Romans did not fully accept the concept of a hereditary emperor, so often when an emperor died, there were power struggles and violence.

There were some good emperors: Hadrian (76-138 BC) and Marcus Aurelius (121-180 BC).

Roman sports: Gladiatorial combat at the colosseum, chariot racing at the circus maximus.

JUDAISM

The Old Testament of the Bible, known to Jews as the Torah and to Christians as the Pentateuch.

                                        Along with Judaism, Christianity and Islam are also known as Abrahamic religions, because they grow out of Judaism.

These three religions can also be called the Western monotheisms.

Sumeria

Sumeria was the first human civilization in the year 3500 BC in southern Iraq.

The sumerians created their own system of irrigation for the first time in the history of the humanity; that led to the Sumerians, to have better food resources wheat was the main diet of the Sumerians, as much wheat harvested.

Sumerians were also the inventors of the concept of architecture arch.

They were the ones who invented writing symbols, Sumerian pictograms about the year 3100 BC are the oldest characters that are known and were found in 1928.

The first stage of this creation started with numbers and drawings, marked in the surface of a mud table, their numerical system was based on the numbers ten and sixty.

Neolithic era
Aproximately 10,000 BC-2,500 BC

Agriculture 
Sedentary life-style
Hierarchy: system with levels

Prehistory

Human beings

-Homosapiens 

-Neonderthal man

Primates

Great Apes

Including gorillas, orangutans 

Paleolithic era

2,000,000 (2million) BC 10,000 BC

Neolitic era

10,000 bc.

2,500 BC.

Hi, my name is Laura Montaño Partida, i was born in the 22th of october of 1998, in Culiacan, Sin. I'm 14 years old. My dad's name is Javier Montaño Iruretagoyena and my mom is Maria Teresa Partida Ramos, i have 4 sisters, Maria Teresa, Melisa, Cristina and lucia, we are a very close family, all the people say to me, wow, 5 ladies? That's cool, and things like that, so i really love my family, i have fun with them all the time. Before i get in Tec de Monterrey, i did my studies at Senda. During my afternoons i go to the gym because i want to stay healthy and active. The last semester, i used to be in the soccer and volleyball team of my school, but the true is that im not very good at sports, so i prefer the gym. I like to be with my friends, watch movies, listen music and i like to read books. The last semester, i didn't like too much history class, but i think it was because, las semester was Mexican History, and i prefer world history, so i think i will like this class.

I think history of science and technology, it's my favorite type of history because, i like to know how the communication was before, how was the technology before, what are the changes that has taken, the before and after of the science, and things like that.

Geography it's the studie related to history that i found more interesting, because i like to know how the earth was before, what are the changes that the earth has had, the why that the things happen on earth.